A Legal Thunderbolt: Musk Demands $134 Billion in Historic AI Dispute

In a dramatic escalation of Silicon Valley’s most consequential legal battle, Elon Musk has formally requested damages ranging from $79 billion to $134 billion from OpenAI and its principal backer, Microsoft. The filing, submitted to a federal court in San Francisco, marks a pivotal moment in the ongoing conflict regarding the governance, commercialization, and ethical direction of artificial intelligence(artificial intelligence).

This development serves as the latest and perhaps most volatile chapter in the saga between the Tesla CEO and the organization he helped co-found in 2015. Musk’s legal team contends that the requested sum represents the "wrongful gains"(wrongful gains) accumulated by OpenAI and Microsoft as a result of abandoning the startup’s original non-profit mission in favor of a lucrative, closed-source trajectory.

With a jury trial tentatively scheduled for late April in Oakland, California, the outcome of this case could reshape the financial and operational landscape of the 생성형 AI(generative AI) industry.

Unpacking the "Wrongful Gains" Algorithm

The damages request is not merely a punitive figure but a calculated assessment of what Musk’s legal team describes as "unjust enrichment." The filing relies heavily on analysis from financial economist and expert witness C. Paul Wazzan, who constructed a valuation model to quantify the benefits OpenAI and Microsoft reaped from Musk’s early contributions.

According to the court documents, Musk’s initial investment of approximately $38 million constituted roughly 60% of OpenAI’s early seed funding. His lawyers argue that without this critical capital, along with his recruitment efforts and strategic guidance, OpenAI’s ascent to a $500 billion valuation would have been impossible.

Musk’s attorney, Steven Molo, utilized a venture capital analogy to justify the staggering sum. "Just as an early investor in a startup company may realize gains many orders of magnitude greater than the investor's initial investment, the wrongful gains that OpenAI and Microsoft have earned—and which Mr. Musk is now entitled to disgorge—are much larger than Mr. Musk's initial contributions," Molo wrote in the filing.

The breakdown of the damages seeks to claw back profits and valuation increases attributed to this alleged breach of contract.

Table 1: Breakdown of Damages and Financial Claims

The filing underscores a specific legal theory: that the current valuation of OpenAI is fruit of a "poisoned tree," cultivated by misleading early backers about the organization's true intent. By pivoting to a for-profit capped model and effectively acting as a subsidiary of Microsoft, Musk claims OpenAI defrauded him of the opportunity to invest in a commercial entity—or conversely, that he funded a charity that was stolen and monetized.

The "De Facto Merger" Allegation

Central to Musk’s amended complaint is the accusation that OpenAI’s relationship with Microsoft amounts to a "de facto merger"(de facto merger), violating antitrust laws and the organization’s founding charter. The lawsuit alleges that Microsoft has not only invested billions but has also captured the decision-making apparatus of OpenAI, steering it toward maximizing shareholder value rather than safeguarding humanity.

The claim of $13.3 billion to $25.06 billion against Microsoft specifically targets the tech giant’s integration of GPT-4 and other proprietary models into its Copilot and Azure ecosystems. Musk’s legal team argues that these integrations generated massive revenue streams that were only possible because Microsoft was granted exclusive access to technology that was intended to be open-source.

A Battle Over "Open" vs. "Closed"

For the Creati.ai community, this lawsuit transcends financial disputes; it touches on the philosophical core of the AI industry. Musk, who now runs his own AI competitor xAI, has repeatedly criticized OpenAI for becoming "closed source." He argues that the shift to proprietary models betrays the "Open" in the company's name.

The legal filings paint a picture of a "bait-and-switch"(bait-and-switch) operation. Musk asserts he was promised a counterweight to Google’s DeepMind—a transparent, safety-focused lab. Instead, he claims to have inadvertently funded the creation of the world's most powerful proprietary AI vendor. The "wrongful gains" argument suggests that the proprietary nature of GPT-4 is itself the mechanism of the fraud; had the technology remained open, the astronomical valuation (and Microsoft's subsequent stock rally) would not have materialized in the same form.

The Defense: "Baseless" and "Harassment"

OpenAI and Microsoft have responded to the new damages request with sharp dismissals. In a statement following the filing, OpenAI labeled the lawsuit as part of a continued "pattern of harassment" by Musk.

"Mr. Musk's lawsuit continues to be baseless and a part of his ongoing pattern of harassment, and we look forward to demonstrating this at trial," an OpenAI spokesperson stated. The company’s CEO, Sam Altman, has previously characterized Musk’s legal maneuvers as the actions of a competitor trying to slow down OpenAI’s progress through the courts rather than innovation.

Microsoft has largely maintained legal silence, though its attorneys have previously argued in court that there is "no evidence" the company aided and abetted any breach of fiduciary duty. They maintain that their investment is a standard commercial partnership, separate from OpenAI’s internal governance.

Key Arguments from the Defense:

• Musk's Withdrawal: 피고 측은 머스크가 2018년에 이사회에서 자발적으로 물러났다고 강조하며, 이는 그가 회사를 장악하려다 실패한 시도로 알려져 있다고 주장함.
• Conditional Funding: OpenAI는 기부금이 AGI 개발에 필요한 자본을 유치하지 못할 경우 회사가 영구히 비영리로 남아야 한다는 조건이 붙지 않았다고 주장함.
• Competitive Motive: xAI와 Grok 모델의 출시에 따라, 피고 측은 머스크를 상심한 기부자가 아니라 법적 시스템을 무기화한 직접적인 상업 경쟁자라고 묘사함.

The Looming Trial: April 2026

The presiding federal judge in Oakland recently rejected a final bid by the defendants to dismiss the case, setting the stage for a jury trial in late April. This trial promises to be a spectacle, potentially forcing Sam Altman, Satya Nadella, and Elon Musk to testify under oath regarding the secret negotiations that formed the modern AI landscape.

If the jury finds in Musk’s favor, even a fraction of the $134 billion demand would be historic. However, the non-monetary implications are equally profound. A verdict against OpenAI could force a restructuring of its partnership with Microsoft or mandate the release of proprietary research, effectively resetting the competitive dynamics of the industry.

Implications for the AI Ecosystem

The scale of the damages—up to $134 billion—is calibrated to the massive valuations now common in the AI sector. For context, this sum exceeds the market capitalization of many established Fortune 500 companies.

1. Valuation Volatility: If the court validates the claim that OpenAI’s valuation is based on "wrongful gains," it could spook investors across the generative AI sector, leading to tighter scrutiny on governance structures.
2. Antitrust Precedent: A ruling that the Microsoft-OpenAI partnership constitutes a de facto merger could trigger a wave of regulatory actions globally, forcing the uncoupling of big tech cloud providers from model labs.
3. Non-Profit Viability: The case serves as a warning for future open-source projects. It highlights the legal fragility of hybrid structures (non-profits controlling for-profit arms) when massive capital requirements enter the equation.

As the industry marches toward Artificial General Intelligence(AGI), this lawsuit asks a fundamental question: Can the original promises made by AI pioneers be enforced by law, or does the necessity of capital inevitably rewrite the rules? For now, the $134 billion question hangs over San Francisco, waiting for a jury to decide.